Tensions over Kashmir and a warming planet have placed the Indus Waters Treaty on life support

April 28, 2025

Tensions over Kashmir and a warming planet have placed the Indus Waters Treaty on life support

A man walking in a dry river bedrock
Fazlul Haq walks through the Gargo Glacier floodplain in the Upper Indus Basin. Fazlul Haq/Indus Basin Water Project/Ohio State University, CC BY-SA

In 1995, World Bank Vice President Ismail Serageldin warned that whereas the conflicts of the previous 100 years had been over oil, “the wars of the next century will be fought over water.”